CULINARY
TERMS
Albumen(n): An other name for egg
White.
Al Dente(n): Italian term used to
describe pasta
that
is cooked until it offers a slight resistance to the bite.
Apron(n): Garment worn over the
front part of the body to keep the wearer’s clothes clean while working.
Aspic(n):Frozen food in jelly.
Bake(v):To
cook by dry heat, usually in the oven.
Barbecue(n):Usually used generally to
refer to grilling done outdoors or over an open charcoal or wood fire. More
specifically, barbecue refers to long, slow direct- heat cooking, including
liberal basting with a barbecue sauce.
Barbecue(v): To cook foods on a rack
or a spit over coals.
Baking powder(n): A combination of baking
soda, an acid such as cream of tartar, and a starch or flour (moisture
absorber). Most common type is double-acting baking powder, which acts when
mixed with liquid and again when heated.
Baking soda(n): The main ingredient in baking
powder, baking soda is also used when there is acid (buttermilk or sour cream,
for example) in a recipe. Always mix with other dry ingredients before adding
any liquid, since leavening begins as soon as soda comes in contact with
liquid.
Baste(v):To moisten foods during
cooking with pan drippings or special sauce to add flavor and prevent drying.
Baster(n): Used during cooking to
cover meat in its own juices or with a sauce.
Batter(n): An uncooked pourable
mixture usually made up of flour, a liquid, and other ingredients.
Bib(n): A cloth worn while cooking.
Beat(v):To mix rapidly in order to make a
mixture smooth and light by incorporating as much air as possible.
Blanch(v): To cook briefly in
boiling water to seal in flavor and color; usually used for vegetables or
fruit, to prepare for freezing, and to ease skin removal.
Blend(v): To thoroughly combine 2
or more ingredients, either by hand with a whisk or spoon, or with a mixer.
Blender(n): An electric machine, that
is used for making food into liquid.
Boil(v): To heat a liquid until
bubbles break continually on the surface.
Bone(v): To remove bones from poultry,
meat, or fish.
Bouquet garni:(n) A tied bundle of herbs,
usually parsley, thyme, and bay leaves, that is added to flavor soups, stews,
and sauces but removed before serving.
Braise(v): To cook first by
browning, then gently simmering in a small amount of liquid over
low
heat in a covered pan until tender.
Bread(v): To coat with crumbs or
cornmeal before cooking.
Broil: (v)To cook on a rack or spit
under or over direct heat, usually in an oven.
Brew(v): To make a drink of tea or
coffee by adding hot water.
Brown:(v) To cook over high heat,
usually on top of the stove, to brown food.
Can/ tin opener(n): A device for opening
tins of food.
Caramelize(v):To heat sugar in order to
turn it brown and give it a special taste.
Casserole(n): A Taype of food made by
cooking meet and vegitables
in liquid for a long time in the owen.
Cherry pitter (n): A tool used for the
removel of pits from cherries or olives.
Chinoise (v): Straining substances
such as custards, soups and sauces or to dust food with powder.
Chop(v):To cut solids into pieces with a
sharp knife or other chopping device.
Clarify(v): To separate and remove
solids from a liquid, thus making it clear.
Cookie cutter(n): A sharp metal or plastic
device used to cut cookies into shapes
before
they are cooked.
Cream(v):To soften a fat,
especially butter, by beating it at room temperature. Butter and sugar are
often creamed together, making a smooth, soft paste.
Cream(n): The butterfat portion of
milk. Also, to beat ingredients, usually sugar and a fat, until smooth and
fluffy.
Crumble(v) :To break in to small
pieces.
Cube(v): To cut food into small (about
1/2- inch) cubes.
Cup(n): Small bowl-shaped container usually
with a handle for drinking tea, coffee.
Cut in(v): To distribute a solid
fat in flour using a cutting motion, with 2 knives used scissors-fashion or a
pastry blender, until divided evenly into tiny pieces. Usually refers to making
pastry.
Cutting board(n): A wooden or plastic tool used for cutting vegitables, fruits,
meat on it.
Cure(v):To
preserve meats by drying and salting and/or smoking.
Core(v):
To remove the seeds or tough woody centers from fruits and vegetables.
Deep-fry(v): To cook by completely immersing food in hot fat.
Deep-fry(v): To cook by completely immersing food in hot fat.
Deglaze(v):To dissolve the thin
glaze of juices and brown bits on the surface of a pan in which food has been
fried, sauteed or roasted. To do this, add liquid and stir and scrape over high
heat, thereby adding flavor to the liquid for use as a sauce.
Degrease(v):To remove fat from the
surface of stews, soups, or stock. Usually cooled in the refrigerator so that
fat hardens and is easily removed.
Dice(v):To cut food in small cubes of
uniform size and shape. Large Dice(n):
Large dice is a basic knife cut measuring ¾ inch × ¾ inch × ¾ inch. Medium Dice(n): Medium dice is a basic
knife cut measuring ½ inch × ½ inch × ½ inch. Small Dice(n): Small dice is a basic knife cut measuring ¼ inch × ¼
inch × ¼ inch.
Dissolve(v):To cause a dry
substance to pass into solution in a liquid.
Dollop(n): A spoonful of soft food
such as whipped cream or mashed potatoes.
Dot(v): To scatter butter in bits over
food.
Drain(n): To withdraw or draw off
a liquid gradually.
Dredge(v): to sprinkle or coat with
flour.
Dress(v): To coat foods such as
salad with a sauce. Also, to clean fish, poultry, or game for cooking.
Drippings(n): Juices and fats rendered
by meat or poultry during cooking.
Drizzle(v): To pour melted butter,
oil, syrup, melted chocolate, or other liquid back and
forth
over food in a fine stream.
Dust(v): To sprinkle food with dry
ingredients. Use a strainer or a jar with a perforated cover, or try the good,
old-fashioned way of shaking things together in a paper bag.
Dredge(v): To sprinkle or coat with
flour or other fine substance.
Egg timer(n): A device that helps you
judge when a boild egg has been cooked long enough to be eaten.
Fillet(v): As a verb, to remove the
bones from meat or fish. A fillet (or filet) is the piece of flesh after it has
been boned.
Filter(v): To pass a liquid throuh
a filter.
Fines herbes: A mixture of herbs
traditionally parsley, chervil, chives, and tarragon,
used
to flavor fish, chicken, and eggs.
Flake(v):To break lightly into
small pieces.
Flambé: To drizzle liquor over a food
while it is cooking, then when the alcohol has warmed,
ignite
the food just before serving.
Flute: To make decorative grooves.
Usually refers to pastry.
Fold(v):To incorporate a delicate
substance, such as whipped cream or beaten egg whites, into another substance
without releasing air bubbles. Cut down through mixture with spoon, whisk, or
fork; go across bottom of bowl, up and over, close to surface. The process is
repeated, while slowing rotating the bowl, until the ingredients are thoroughly
blended.
Fork(n): Small implement with a
handle and two or more points or prongs, used for lifting food to the mouth or
holding thing firmly while they are cut.
Fricassee(v):To cook by braising;
usually applied to fowl or rabbit.
Fry(v): To cook in hot fat. To cook in a
fat is called pan-frying or sauteing; to cook in a one-to-two inch layer of hot
fat is called shallow-fat frying;
to
cook in a deep layer of hot fat is called deep-fat frying.
Garnish(v):To decorate a dish both
to enhance its appearance and to provide a flavorful foil. Parsley, lemon
slices, raw vegetables, chopped chives, and other herbs are all forms of
garnishes.
Glass(n): Transparent container for
drinking water.
Glaze(v):To cook with a thin sugar
syrup cooked to crack stage; mixture may be thickened slightly. Also, to cover
with a thin, glossy icing.
Grate(v): To rub on a grater that
separates the food in various sizes of bits or shreds.
Grater(n): A kitchen tool that is
used for cutting food in to small pieces
by
rubbing it across its rough surface.
Gratin(n):From the French word for
"crust." Term used to describe any oven-baked dish--usually cooked in
a shallow oval gratin dish--on which a golden brown crust of bread crumbs,
cheese or creamy sauce is form.
Grease(v): To rub the interior
surface of a cooking dish or pan with shortening, oil,
or
butter to prevent food from sticking to it.
Grill(v): To cook food on a rack
under or over direct heat, as on a barbecue or in a broiler.
Grind(v): To process solids by
hand or mechanically to reduce them to tiny particles.
Gut(v): To remove the organs from inside
an animal.
Hull(v): Clean the stalks and leaves of fruits or vegitables with a knife.
Ice tray(n): Plastic tray to freeze water in fridge and to get ice.
Icing sugar(n) : A soft powder made from
sugar that is used to make icing for cakes.
Immersion Blender(n): An immersion blender is
a tool used for blending
soups,
sauces and other liquids.
Julienne(v):To cut vegetables,
fruits, or cheeses into thin strips.
Julienne(n):Julienne is a basic knife
cut measuring 1/8 inch × 1/8 inch × 2½ inches.
Kettle(n): A container with a lid,
used for boiling water.
Kitchen cabinet (n): A room used to store
utensils
Kitchen gloves (n): Gloves worn while
cooking.
Kitchen tangs(n): used to hold the roast
dinners.
Knead(v):To work and press dough
with the palms of the hands or mechanically,
to
develop the gluten in the flour.
Knife(n): A tool used to devide or
used to cut the food.
Ladle(v): To serve food with
ladle.
Lard(v): To prepare or enrich
meat,chicken with fat especially with lardons
.
Lemon squeezer(n): A small kitchen tool with an attached bowl
that you use for getting the juice out of a lemon.
Lukewarm(v):Neither cool nor warm;
approximately body temperature.
Marinate(v): To flavor and moisturize pieces of meat, poultry, seafood or vegetable by soaking them in or brushing them with a liquid mixture of seasonings known as a marinade. Dry marinade mixtures composed of salt, pepper, herbs or spices may also be rubbed into meat, poultry or seafood.
Meuniere(v): Dredged with flour and
sauteed in butter.
Mince(v): To cut or chop food into
extremely small pieces.
Mix(v): To combine ingredients usually
by stirring.
Mortar(n): Strong bowl in which
substances are crushed and ground with a pestle.
Pan(n): Wide flat usually metal container with handle or handles, used for cooking food in.
Pan-Broll(v): To cook uncovered in a
hot fry pan, pouring off fat as it accumulates.
Pan-Fry(v): To cook in small amounts
of fat.
Parboil(v): To boil until partially
cooked; to blanch. Usually this procedure is followed by
final
cooking in a seasoned sauce.
Pare(v):To remove the outer most skin of
a fruit or vegetable.
Peel(v): To remove the peels from
vegetables or fruits.
Peeler(n): A tool for removing the
skin of fruit and vegetable.
Pickle(v):To preserve meats, vegetables,
and fruits in brine.
Pinch(n): A pinch is the trifling
amount you can hold between your thumb and forefinger.
Pit(v):To remove pits from fruits.
Pizza Peel(n): A wooden board with a
tapered edge and a long handle designed to slide pizzas and other baked items
into the oven.
Pizza cutter(n): A tool used for pizza to
cut into slices.
Pizza tray(n): A tray used for cutting
pizza on .
Planked(n):Cooked on a thick
hardwood plank.
Plump(n): To soak dried fruits in
liquid until they swell.
Poach(v): To cook very gently in
hot liquid kept just below the boiling point.
Pot(n): Round vessel made of earthenware,
metal for cooking things in.
Potato Ricer(n): A potato ricer is a
kitchen tool used for pressing potatoes and other soft foods.
Puree(v): To mash foods until
perfectly smooth by hand, by rubbing through a sieve or food mill, or by
whirling in a blender or food processor.
Reduce(v): To thicken a liquid and concentrate its flavor
by boiling.
Render(v): To cook fatty meat or
poultry—such as bacon or goose—over low heat to obtain drippings.
Roast(v): To cook a large piece of
meat or poultry uncovered with dry heat in an oven.
Refresh(v):To run cold water over
food that has been parboiled, to stop the cooking process quickly.
Saute(v): To cook and or brown food in a small amount of hot fat.
Scald(v): To heat liquid almost to a boil until bubbles begin to form around the edge.
Scallop(v):To bake a food, usually in a casserole, with sauce or other liquid. Crumbs often are sprinkled over.
Score(v):To cut narrow grooves or gashes partway through the outer surface of food.
Sear(v):To brown very quickly by intense heat. This method increases shrinkage but develops flavor and improves appearance.
Shred(v):To cut or tear in small, long, narrow pieces.
Sift(v):To put one or more dry ingredients through a sieve or sifter.
Simmer(v):To cook slowly in liquid over low heat at a temperature of about 180°. The surface of the liquid should be barely moving, broken from time to time by slowly rising bubbles.
Skim(v):To remove impurities, whether scum or fat, from the surface of a liquid during cooking, thereby resulting in a clear, cleaner-tasting final produce.
Spatula(n):A cooking utensil with a wide, flat blade that isn’t sharp, used especially for lifting food out of pans.
Spoon(n): An object with a round end a long handle that you use for eating,
mixing or serving food.
Springform
pan(n): A springform pan consists of two parts, the
bottom and the side, which is removable and attaches with a clip. Being able to
remove the sides without flipping the pan over makes it much easier to remove the
cake from the pan.
Steam(v): To cook in steam in a pressure cooker, deep well cooker, double boiler, or a steamer made by fitting a rack in a kettle with a tight cover. A small amount of boiling water is used,
more water being added during steaming process, if necessary.
Steep(v):To extract color, flavor, or other qualities from a substance by leaving it in water
just below the boiling point.
Sterilize(v): To destroy micro organisms by boiling, dry heat, or steam.
Stew(v):To simmer slowly in a small amount of liquid for a long time.
Stir(v):To mix ingredients with a circular motion until well blended or of uniform consistency. Sauté or panfry: To cook food in a small amount of fat over relatively high heat.
Stir-fry(v): To quickly cook small pieces of food over high heat, stirring constantly.
Strainer(n): A utensil with a lot of holes in it for seperating liquid from solid.
Stuff(v): To fill meat, vegitables with seasoned bread crumbs or other avory matters.
Toss(v): To combine ingredients with a lifting motion.
Truss(v):To secure poultry with string or skewers, to hold its shape while cooking.
Whip(v): To beat rapidly to incorporate air
and produce expansion, as in heavy cream or egg whites.
Whisk(v): To beat ingredients (such as heavy or
whipping cream, eggs, salad dressings, or sauces) with a fork or whisk to mix,
blend, or incorporate air.
Wok(n): A large bowl shaped Chinesse pen used for
frying food quickly in hot oil.
Zest(n): The outer, colored part of the peel of
citrus fruit.
Zester (n) : A kitchen appliance used to
remove the outer part of citrus fruit peel.
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